Update m4/acx_check_strptr_convert.m4.

The previous code resulted in the following error when compiled with
GCC 6.4.0 and FCFLAGS=-std=-f2008:

TS 29113/TS 18508: Noninteroperable array FPTR at (1) to C_F_POINTER: Type shall have a character length of 1

Moreover, the code did not really reflect how the string manipulation
was implemented in src/mo_cdi.f90. The updated version is supposed to
be closer to what is required in the real code.

* Also enable another library name for OSSP UUID library, it is
  installed as libuuid sometimes.

* This way were cmor forces the use of ossp-uuid, only one uuid library
  is pulled in.

* This way it becomes easy to inject program starters for all parts of the
  tests, which makes working in cross-compilation setups much easier.

* And add corresponding check to test suite.

* Since write, mmap and a number of other functions are not part of
  ISO C (i.e. strictly conforming programs must not use those), we need
  to ensure the build environment provides POSIX conformance.
* This mostly prevents unrelated bug reports later on.
* From POSIX 2008, CDI unconditionally only uses getline and has a
  work-around in case that is missing.

This reverts commit de09e3fb.