From eb797d5c0cadd2e3a9bb4ee241124607a1d0bdd6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: k204229 <lucio-eceiza@dkrz.de>
Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2025 12:59:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] fix: update comments in variables at .rc
---
Tables/original_tables/ct_ecmwf.rc | 38 +++++++++++++++---------------
1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Tables/original_tables/ct_ecmwf.rc b/Tables/original_tables/ct_ecmwf.rc
index e1a149b..5904673 100644
--- a/Tables/original_tables/ct_ecmwf.rc
+++ b/Tables/original_tables/ct_ecmwf.rc
@@ -27,29 +27,29 @@
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#CCC|ECTABLE|ECCODE|ECPAR|ECNAME|ECUNIT|ECDESC|LTYPE|TREPR|ECGRID|CMIP|CMPAR|CFNAME|CFNAME_OBS|CMUNIT|CMFACT|COMMENT|CMLNAME|CMTABLE|REALM|GRIDTYPE|LTYPE_SEL
8|128|8|sro|Surface runoff|m|Some water from rainfall, melting snow, or deep in the soil, stays stored in the soil. Otherwise, the water drains away, either over the surface (surface runoff), or under the ground (sub-surface runoff) and the sum of these two is simply called 'runoff'. This parameter is the total amount of water accumulated over a [particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations).The units of runoff are depth in metres. This is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step). Care should be taken when comparing model parameters with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point rather than averaged over a grid square area. Observations are also often taken in different units, such as mm/day, rather than the accumulated metres produced here. Runoff is a measure of the availability of water in the soil, and can, for example, be used as an indicator of drought or flood. More information about how runoff is calculated is given in the [ IFS Physical Processes documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#subsection.H.6.3). |sfc_fc,sfc_fc_land|ACC| redGG-N320 redGG-N1280|6|mrros|surface_runoff_flux|"alternatively: surface_runoff_amount (cell_methods = ""time: sum""); if _flux, then comment needs to be added that it's not time: point --> area: mean where land time: mean"|kg m-2 s-1|1.0/3600.0|derived from the hourly accumulated quantity and assuming a constant density of water of 1 kg m-3|Surface Runoff|Lmon|land|gr|sf00
-27|128|27|cvl|Low vegetation cover|(0 - 1)|This parameter is the fraction of the [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/model%2bgrid%2bbox%2band%2btime%2bstep) (0-1) that is covered with vegetation that is classified as 'low'. This is one of the parameters in the model that describes land surface vegetation. 'Low vegetation' consists of crops and mixed farming, irrigated crops, short grass, tall grass, tundra, semidesert, bogs and marshes, evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, and water and land mixtures. |sfc_an|INV|redGG-N320 |1|cvl|"area_fraction (cell_methods=""area: mean where low_vegetation"" or like in CMIP6 ""area: mean where land over all_area_types"")"|"cvl and cvh can only have the same CF standard name if there is a further differentiation with the cell_method. But this would require adding low_vegetation and high_vegetaiton to the official CF area type table. For example, area_fraction (cell_methods=""area: mean where low_vegetation"" or like in CMIP6 ""area: mean where land over all_area_types"").So, better no CF standard name. "|%|100||Low Vegetation Cover|mon|land|gr|sf00
-28|128|28|cvh|High vegetation cover|(0 - 1)|This parameter is the fraction of the [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/model%2bgrid%2bbox%2band%2btime%2bstep) (0-1) that is covered with vegetation that is classified as 'high'. This is one of the parameters in the model that describes land surface vegetation. 'High vegetation' consists of evergreen trees, deciduous trees, mixed forest/woodland, and interrupted forest. |sfc_an|INV|redGG-N320 |1|cvh|"area_fraction (cell_methods=""area: mean where high_vegetation"") BUT low_vegetation needs to be added to https://cfconventions.org/Data/area-type-table/current/build/area-type-table.html "||%|100||High Vegetation Cover|mon|land|gr|sf00
+27|128|27|cvl|Low vegetation cover|(0 - 1)|This parameter is the fraction of the [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/model%2bgrid%2bbox%2band%2btime%2bstep) (0-1) that is covered with vegetation that is classified as 'low'. This is one of the parameters in the model that describes land surface vegetation. 'Low vegetation' consists of crops and mixed farming, irrigated crops, short grass, tall grass, tundra, semidesert, bogs and marshes, evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, and water and land mixtures. |sfc_an|INV|redGG-N320 |1|cvl|no CF standard_name exist|"cvl and cvh can only have the same CF standard name if there is a further differentiation with the cell_method. But this would require adding low_vegetation and high_vegetaiton to the official CF area type table. For example, area_fraction (cell_methods=""area: mean where low_vegetation"" or like in CMIP6 ""area: mean where land over all_area_types"").So, better no CF standard name. "|%|100||Low Vegetation Cover|mon|land|gr|sf00
+28|128|28|cvh|High vegetation cover|(0 - 1)|This parameter is the fraction of the [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/model%2bgrid%2bbox%2band%2btime%2bstep) (0-1) that is covered with vegetation that is classified as 'high'. This is one of the parameters in the model that describes land surface vegetation. 'High vegetation' consists of evergreen trees, deciduous trees, mixed forest/woodland, and interrupted forest. |sfc_an|INV|redGG-N320 |1|cvh|no CF standard_name exist|"area_fraction (cell_methods=""area: mean where high_vegetation"") BUT low_vegetation needs to be added to https://cfconventions.org/Data/area-type-table/current/build/area-type-table.html "|%|100||High Vegetation Cover|mon|land|gr|sf00
29|128|29|tvl|Type of low vegetation|~|This parameter indicates the 10 types of low vegetation recognised by the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System: 1 = Crops, Mixed farming 2 = Grass 7 = Tall grass 9 = Tundra 10 = Irrigated crops 11 = Semidesert 13 = Bogs and marshes 16 = Evergreen shrubs 17 = Deciduous shrubs 20 = Water and land mixtures They are used to calculate the surface energy balance and the snow albedo. The other types (3, 4, 5, 6, 18, 19 and 19) are high vegetation, or indicate no land surface vegetation (8 = Desert, 12=Ice caps and Glaciers, 14 = Inland water, 15 =Ocean). |sfc_an|INV|redGG-N320 |0|tvl|no CF standard_name exist||-|1||Type of Low Vegetation|mon|land|gr|sf00
30|128|30|tvh|Type of high vegetation|~|This parameter indicates the 6 types of high vegetation recognised by the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System: 3 = Evergreen needleleaf trees 4 = Deciduous needleleaf trees 5 = Deciduous broadleaf trees 6 = Evergreen broadleaf trees 18 = Mixed forest/woodland 19 = Interrupted forest They are used to calculate the surface energy balance and the snow albedo. The other types (1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17 and 20) are low vegetation, or indicate no land surface vegetation (8 = Desert, 12=Ice caps and Glaciers, 14 = Inland water, 15 =Ocean). |sfc_an|INV|redGG-N320 |0|tvh|no CF standard_name exist||-|1||Type of High Vegetation|mon|land|gr|sf00
31|128|31|ci|Sea ice area fraction|(0 - 1)|This parameter is the fraction of a [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step) which is covered by sea ice. Sea ice can only occur in a grid box which includes ocean or inland water according to the land sea mask and lake cover, at the resolution being used. This parameter can be known as sea-ice (area) fraction, sea-ice concentration and more generally as sea-ice cover. Coupled atmosphere ocean simulations of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) predict the formation and melting of sea ice. Otherwise, in analyses and atmosphere only simulations, sea ice is derived from observations, but the model does take account of the way that sea ice alters the interaction between the atmosphere and ocean. Sea ice is frozen sea water which floats on the surface of the ocean. Sea ice does not include ice which forms on land such as glaciers, icebergs and ice- sheets. It also excludes ice shelves which are anchored on land, but protrude out over the surface of the ocean. These phenomena are not modelled by the IFS. Long-term monitoring of sea ice is important for understanding climate change. Sea ice also affects shipping routes through the polar regions. |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |5|sic|sea_ice_area_fraction||%|100||Sea Ice Area Fraction|OImon|seaIce|gr|sf00
-32|128|32|asn|Snow albedo|(0 - 1)|This parameter is a measure of the reflectivity of the snow-covered part of the [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step). It is the fraction of solar (shortwave) radiation reflected by snow across the solar spectrum. The [ECMWF Integrated Forecast System represents snow](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#section.H.4) as a single additional layer over the uppermost soil level. This parameter changes with snow age and also depends on vegetation height. For low vegetation, it ranges between 0.52 for old snow and 0.88 for fresh snow. For high vegetation with snow underneath, it depends on vegetation type and has values between 0.27 and 0.38. See [further information](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#section.H.4). |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |0|asn|"surface_albedo (cell_methods=""area: mean where snow"")"||%|100||Snow Albedo|mon|landIce|gr|sf00
+32|128|32|asn|Snow albedo|(0 - 1)|This parameter is a measure of the reflectivity of the snow-covered part of the [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step). It is the fraction of solar (shortwave) radiation reflected by snow across the solar spectrum. The [ECMWF Integrated Forecast System represents snow](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#section.H.4) as a single additional layer over the uppermost soil level. This parameter changes with snow age and also depends on vegetation height. For low vegetation, it ranges between 0.52 for old snow and 0.88 for fresh snow. For high vegetation with snow underneath, it depends on vegetation type and has values between 0.27 and 0.38. See [further information](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#section.H.4). |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |0|asn|surface_albedo|" (cell_methods=""area: mean where snow"")"|%|100||Snow Albedo|mon|landIce|gr|sf00
33|128|33|rsn|Snow density|kg m-3|This parameter is the mass of snow per cubic metre in the snow layer. The ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS) model represents snow as a single additional layer over the uppermost soil level. The snow may cover all or part of the[ grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step). [ See further information on snow in the IFS](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#section.H.4). |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |1|rsn|surface_snow_density||kg m-3|1||Snow Density|mon|landIce|gr|sf00
34|128|34|sst|Sea surface temperature|K|This parameter is the temperature of sea water near the surface. This parameter is taken from various providers, who process the observational data in different ways. Each provider uses data from several different observational sources. For example, satellites measure sea surface temperature (SST) in a layer a few microns thick in the uppermost mm of the ocean, drifting buoys measure SST at a depth of about 0.2-1.5m, whereas ships sample sea water down to about 10m, while the vessel is underway. Deeper measurements are not affected by changes that occur during a day, due to the rising and setting of the Sun (diurnal variations). Sometimes this parameter is taken from a forecast made by coupling the NEMO ocean model to the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. In this case, the SST is the average temperature of the uppermost metre of the ocean and does exhibit diurnal variations. [ See further documentation ](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#section.H.10). This parameter has units of kelvin (K). Temperature measured in kelvin can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) by subtracting 273.15. |sfc_an,sfc_fc|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N320 |6|tos|sea_surface_temperature||K|1||Sea Surface Temperature|Omon|ocean|gr|sf00
-35|128|35|istl1|Ice temperature layer 1|K|This parameter is the sea-ice temperature in layer 1 (0 to 7cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) has a four-layer sea-ice slab: Layer 1: 0-7cm Layer 2: 7-28cm Layer 3: 28-100cm Layer 4: 100-150cm The temperature of the sea-ice in each layer changes as heat is transferred between the sea-ice layers and the atmosphere above and ocean below.[ See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/16648-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#section.8.9). |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |1|istl1|sea_ice_temperature (vertical coordinate lev=1)|"we could merge all layers into a single netcdf
+35|128|35|istl1|Ice temperature layer 1|K|This parameter is the sea-ice temperature in layer 1 (0 to 7cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) has a four-layer sea-ice slab: Layer 1: 0-7cm Layer 2: 7-28cm Layer 3: 28-100cm Layer 4: 100-150cm The temperature of the sea-ice in each layer changes as heat is transferred between the sea-ice layers and the atmosphere above and ocean below.[ See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/16648-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#section.8.9). |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |1|istl1|sea_ice_temperature|"we could merge all layers into a single netcdf
dimensions:
lev = 4 ;
float istl(time, lev, latitude, longitude);
-double LEV(LEV)"|K|1||Ice Temperature Layer 1|mon|seaIce|gr|sf00
-36|128|36|istl2|Ice temperature layer 2|K|This parameter is the sea-ice temperature in layer 2 (7 to 28 cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) has a four-layer sea-ice slab: Layer 1: 0-7cm Layer 2: 7-28cm Layer 3: 28-100cm Layer 4: 100-150cm The temperature of the sea-ice in each layer changes as heat is transferred between the sea-ice layers and the atmosphere above and ocean below.[ See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/16648-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#section.8.9). |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |1|istl2|sea_ice_temperature (vertical coordinate lev=2)||K|1||Ice Temperature Layer 2|mon|seaIce|gr|sf00
-37|128|37|istl3|Ice temperature layer 3|K|This parameter is the sea-ice temperature in layer 3 (28 to 100 cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) has a four-layer sea-ice slab: Layer 1: 0-7cm Layer 2: 7-28cm Layer 3: 28-100cm Layer 4: 100-150cm The temperature of the sea-ice in each layer changes as heat is transferred between the sea-ice layers and the atmosphere above and ocean below.[ See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/16648-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#section.8.9). |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |1|istl3|sea_ice_temperature (vertical coordinate lev=3)||K|1||Ice Temperature Layer 3|mon|seaIce|gr|sf00
-38|128|38|istl4|Ice temperature layer 4|K|This parameter is the sea-ice temperature in layer 4 (100 to 150 cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) has a four-layer sea-ice slab: Layer 1: 0-7cm Layer 2: 7-28cm Layer 3: 28-100cm Layer 4: 100-150cm The temperature of the sea-ice in each layer changes as heat is transferred between the sea-ice layers and the atmosphere above and ocean below.[ See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/16648-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#section.8.9). |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |1|istl4|sea_ice_temperature (vertical coordinate lev=4)||K|1||Ice Temperature Layer 4|mon|seaIce|gr|sf00
-39|128|39|swvl1|Volumetric soil water layer 1|m3 m-3|This parameter is the volume of water in soil layer 1 (0 - 7cm, the surface is at 0cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System model has a four-layer representation of soil: Layer 1: 0 - 7cm Layer 2: 7 - 28cm Layer 3: 28 - 100cm Layer 4: 100 - 289cm The volumetric soil water is associated with the soil texture (or classification), soil depth, and the underlying groundwater level. |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |1|swvl1|volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil (vertical coordinate lev=1)||m3 m-3|1||Volumetric Soil Water Layer 1|mon|land|gr|sf00
-40|128|40|swvl2|Volumetric soil water layer 2|m3 m-3|This parameter is the volume of water in soil layer 2 (7 - 28cm, the surface is at 0cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System model has a four-layer representation of soil: Layer 1: 0 - 7cm Layer 2: 7 - 28cm Layer 3: 28 - 100cm Layer 4: 100 - 289cm The volumetric soil water is associated with the soil texture (or classification), soil depth, and the underlying groundwater level. |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |1|swvl2|volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil (vertical coordinate lev=2)||m3 m-3|1||Volumetric Soil Water Layer 2|mon|land|gr|sf00
-41|128|41|swvl3|Volumetric soil water layer 3|m3 m-3|This parameter is the volume of water in soil layer 3 (28 - 100cm, the surface is at 0cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System model has a four-layer representation of soil: Layer 1: 0 - 7cm Layer 2: 7 - 28cm Layer 3: 28 - 100cm Layer 4: 100 - 289cm The volumetric soil water is associated with the soil texture (or classification), soil depth, and the underlying groundwater level. |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |1|swvl3|volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil (vertical coordinate lev=3)||m3 m-3|1||Volumetric Soil Water Layer 3|mon|land|gr|sf00
-42|128|42|swvl4|Volumetric soil water layer 4|m3 m-3|This parameter is the volume of water in soil layer 4 (100 - 289cm, the surface is at 0cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System model has a four-layer representation of soil: Layer 1: 0 - 7cm Layer 2: 7 - 28cm Layer 3: 28 - 100cm Layer 4: 100 - 289cm The volumetric soil water is associated with the soil texture (or classification), soil depth, and the underlying groundwater level. |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |1|swvl4|volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil (vertical coordinate lev=4)||m3 m-3|1||Volumetric Soil Water Layer 4|mon|land|gr|sf00
+double LEV(LEV)"|K|1| (vertical coordinate lev=1)|Ice Temperature Layer 1|mon|seaIce|gr|sf00
+36|128|36|istl2|Ice temperature layer 2|K|This parameter is the sea-ice temperature in layer 2 (7 to 28 cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) has a four-layer sea-ice slab: Layer 1: 0-7cm Layer 2: 7-28cm Layer 3: 28-100cm Layer 4: 100-150cm The temperature of the sea-ice in each layer changes as heat is transferred between the sea-ice layers and the atmosphere above and ocean below.[ See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/16648-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#section.8.9). |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |1|istl2|sea_ice_temperature||K|1| (vertical coordinate lev=2)|Ice Temperature Layer 2|mon|seaIce|gr|sf00
+37|128|37|istl3|Ice temperature layer 3|K|This parameter is the sea-ice temperature in layer 3 (28 to 100 cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) has a four-layer sea-ice slab: Layer 1: 0-7cm Layer 2: 7-28cm Layer 3: 28-100cm Layer 4: 100-150cm The temperature of the sea-ice in each layer changes as heat is transferred between the sea-ice layers and the atmosphere above and ocean below.[ See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/16648-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#section.8.9). |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |1|istl3|sea_ice_temperature||K|1| (vertical coordinate lev=3)|Ice Temperature Layer 3|mon|seaIce|gr|sf00
+38|128|38|istl4|Ice temperature layer 4|K|This parameter is the sea-ice temperature in layer 4 (100 to 150 cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) has a four-layer sea-ice slab: Layer 1: 0-7cm Layer 2: 7-28cm Layer 3: 28-100cm Layer 4: 100-150cm The temperature of the sea-ice in each layer changes as heat is transferred between the sea-ice layers and the atmosphere above and ocean below.[ See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/16648-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#section.8.9). |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |1|istl4|sea_ice_temperature||K|1| (vertical coordinate lev=4)|Ice Temperature Layer 4|mon|seaIce|gr|sf00
+39|128|39|swvl1|Volumetric soil water layer 1|m3 m-3|This parameter is the volume of water in soil layer 1 (0 - 7cm, the surface is at 0cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System model has a four-layer representation of soil: Layer 1: 0 - 7cm Layer 2: 7 - 28cm Layer 3: 28 - 100cm Layer 4: 100 - 289cm The volumetric soil water is associated with the soil texture (or classification), soil depth, and the underlying groundwater level. |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |1|swvl1|volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil||m3 m-3|1| (vertical coordinate lev=1)|Volumetric Soil Water Layer 1|mon|land|gr|sf00
+40|128|40|swvl2|Volumetric soil water layer 2|m3 m-3|This parameter is the volume of water in soil layer 2 (7 - 28cm, the surface is at 0cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System model has a four-layer representation of soil: Layer 1: 0 - 7cm Layer 2: 7 - 28cm Layer 3: 28 - 100cm Layer 4: 100 - 289cm The volumetric soil water is associated with the soil texture (or classification), soil depth, and the underlying groundwater level. |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |1|swvl2|volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil||m3 m-3|1| (vertical coordinate lev=2)|Volumetric Soil Water Layer 2|mon|land|gr|sf00
+41|128|41|swvl3|Volumetric soil water layer 3|m3 m-3|This parameter is the volume of water in soil layer 3 (28 - 100cm, the surface is at 0cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System model has a four-layer representation of soil: Layer 1: 0 - 7cm Layer 2: 7 - 28cm Layer 3: 28 - 100cm Layer 4: 100 - 289cm The volumetric soil water is associated with the soil texture (or classification), soil depth, and the underlying groundwater level. |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |1|swvl3|volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil||m3 m-3|1| (vertical coordinate lev=3)|Volumetric Soil Water Layer 3|mon|land|gr|sf00
+42|128|42|swvl4|Volumetric soil water layer 4|m3 m-3|This parameter is the volume of water in soil layer 4 (100 - 289cm, the surface is at 0cm). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System model has a four-layer representation of soil: Layer 1: 0 - 7cm Layer 2: 7 - 28cm Layer 3: 28 - 100cm Layer 4: 100 - 289cm The volumetric soil water is associated with the soil texture (or classification), soil depth, and the underlying groundwater level. |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |1|swvl4|volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil||m3 m-3|1| (vertical coordinate lev=4)|Volumetric Soil Water Layer 4|mon|land|gr|sf00
44|128|44|es|Snow evaporation|m of water equivalent|This parameter is the accumulated amount of water that has evaporated from snow from the snow-covered area of a [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%253A+What+is+the+spatial+reference) into vapour in the air above. The [ECMWF Integrated Forecast System represents snow](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#section.H.4) as a single additional layer over the uppermost soil level. The snow may cover all or part of the grid box. This parameter is the depth of water there would be if the evaporated snow (from the snow-covered area of a [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%253A+What+is+the+spatial+reference) ) were liquid and were spread evenly over the whole grid box. This parameter is accumulated over a [ particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System convention is that downward fluxes are positive. Therefore, negative values indicate evaporation and positive values indicate deposition. |sfc_fc,sfc_fc_land|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|esn|no CF standard_name exist||kg m-2 s-1|1.0/3.6|derived from the hourly accumulated quantity and assuming a constant density of water of 1 kg m-3|Snow Evaporation|Lmon|land|gr|sf12
45|128|45|smlt|Snowmelt|m of water equivalent|This parameter is the accumulated amount of water that has melted from snow in the snow-covered area of a [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%253A+What+is+the+spatial+reference). The [ECMWF Integrated Forecast System represents snow](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#section.H.4) as a single additional layer over the uppermost soil level. The snow may cover all or part of the grid box. This parameter is the depth of water there would be if the melted snow (from the snow-covered area of a [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%253A+What+is+the+spatial+reference) ) were spread evenly over the whole grid box. For example, if half the grid box were covered in snow with a water equivalent depth of 0.02m, this parameter would have a value of 0.01m. This parameter is accumulated over a [ particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). |sfc_fc,sfc_fc_land|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|snm|no CF standard_name exist||kg m-2 s-1|1.0/3.6|derived from the hourly accumulated quantity and assuming a constant density of water of 1 kg m-3|Surface Snow Melt|LImon|landIce|gr|sf12
-49|128|49|10fg|10 metre wind gust since previous post-processing|m s-1|Maximum 3 second wind at 10 m height as defined by WMO. Parametrization represents turbulence only before 01102008|sfc_fc|MAX| redGG-N320 |6|wsgsmax|wind_speed_of_gust (vertical coordinate height=10m)||m s-1|1||Maximum Wind Speed of Gust at 10m|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
+49|128|49|10fg|10 metre wind gust since previous post-processing|m s-1|Maximum 3 second wind at 10 m height as defined by WMO. Parametrization represents turbulence only before 01102008|sfc_fc|MAX| redGG-N320 |6|wsgsmax|wind_speed_of_gust|wsgsmax10m (vertical coordinate height=10m), time:max|m s-1|1||Maximum Wind Speed of Gust at 10m|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
50|128|50|lspf|Large-scale precipitation fraction|s|This parameter is the accumulation of the fraction of the grid box (0-1) that was covered by large-scale precipitation. This parameter is accumulated over a [ particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). See [further information](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#subsection.7.2.4). |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |0|lspf|no CF standard_name exist||s|1||Large-scale Precipitation Fraction|mon|atmos|gr|sf12
57|128|57|uvb|Downward UV radiation at the surface|J m-2|This parameter is the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the surface. It is the amount of radiation passing through a horizontal plane, not a plane perpendicular to the direction of the Sun. UV radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted by the Sun that has wavelengths shorter than visible light. In the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting system it is defined as radiation with a wavelength of 0.20-0.44 µm (microns, 1 millionth of a metre). Small amounts of UV are essential for living organisms, but overexposure may result in cell damage|sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |0|uvb|no CF standard_name exist||W m-2|1.0/3600.0||Downward UV Radiation at the Surface|mon|atmos|gr|sf12
59|128|59|cape|Convective available potential energy|J kg-1|This is an indication of the instability (or stability) of the atmosphere and can be used to assess the potential for the development of convection, which can lead to heavy rainfall, thunderstorms and other severe weather. In the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), CAPE is calculated by considering parcels of air departing at different model levels below the 350 hPa level. If a parcel of air is more buoyant (warmer and/or with more moisture) than its surrounding environment, it will continue to rise (cooling as it rises) until it reaches a point where it no longer has positive buoyancy. CAPE is the potential energy represented by the total excess buoyancy. The maximum CAPE produced by the different parcels is the value retained. Large positive values of CAPE indicate that an air parcel would be much warmer than its surrounding environment and therefore, very buoyant. CAPE is related to the maximum potential vertical velocity of air within an updraft|sfc_fc|INST| redGG-N320 |1|cape|atmosphere_convective_available_potential_energy_wrt_surface||J kg-1|1||Convective Available Potential Energy|mon|atmos|gr|sf12
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ double LEV(LEV)"|K|1||Ice Temperature Layer 1|mon|seaIce|gr|sf00
142|128|142|lsp|Large-scale precipitation|m|This parameter is the accumulated liquid and frozen water, comprising rain and snow, that falls to the Earth's surface and which is generated by the cloud scheme in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). The cloud scheme represents the formation and dissipation of clouds and large-scale precipitation due to changes in atmospheric quantities (such as pressure, temperature and moisture) predicted directly by the IFS at spatial scales of the [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step) or larger. Precipitation can also be generated by the convection scheme in the IFS, which represents convection at spatial scales smaller than the grid box. [See further information.](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Convective+and+large- scale+precipitation) This parameter does not include fog, dew or the precipitation that evaporates in the atmosphere before it lands at the surface of the Earth. This parameter is the total amount of water [accumulated over a particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). The units of this parameter are depth in metres of water equivalent. It is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the grid box. Care should be taken when comparing model parameters with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point in space and time, rather than representing averages over a model grid box. |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|prlsprof|lwe_thickness_of_stratiform_precipitation_amount||kg m-2 s-1|1.0/3.6|derived from the hourly accumulated quantity and assuming a constant density of water of 1 kg m-3|Stratiform Rainfall Flux|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
143|128|143|cp|Convective precipitation|m|This parameter is the accumulated liquid and frozen water, comprising rain and snow, that falls to the Earth's surface and which is generated by the convection scheme in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). The convection scheme represents convection at spatial scales smaller than the [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step). Precipitation can also be generated by the cloud scheme in the IFS, which represents the formation and dissipation of clouds and large-scale precipitation due to changes in atmospheric quantities (such as pressure, temperature and moisture) predicted directly at spatial scales of the grid box or larger. [See further information.](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Convective+and+large- scale+precipitation) This parameter does not include fog, dew or the precipitation that evaporates in the atmosphere before it lands at the surface of the Earth. This parameter is the total amount of water [accumulated over a particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). The units of this parameter are depth in metres of water equivalent. It is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the grid box. Care should be taken when comparing model parameters with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point in space and time, rather than representing averages over a model grid box. |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|prcprof|lwe_thickness_of_convective_precipitation_amount||kg m-2 s-1|1.0/3.6|derived from the hourly accumulated quantity and assuming a constant density of water of 1 kg m-3|Convective Rainfall Flux|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
144|128|144|sf|Snowfall|m of water equivalent|This parameter is the accumulated snow that falls to the Earth's surface. It is the sum of large-scale snowfall and convective snowfall. Large-scale snowfall is generated by the cloud scheme in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). The cloud scheme represents the formation and dissipation of clouds and large-scale precipitation due to changes in atmospheric quantities (such as pressure, temperature and moisture) predicted directly by the IFS at spatial scales of the [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step) or larger. Convective snowfall is generated by the convection scheme in the IFS, which represents convection at spatial scales smaller than the grid box. [See further information.](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Convective+and+large- scale+precipitation) This parameter is the total amount of water [accumulated over a particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). The units of this parameter are depth in metres of water equivalent. It is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the grid box. Care should be taken when comparing model parameters with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point in space and time, rather than representing averages over a model grid box. |sfc_fc,sfc_fc_land|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|prsn|lwe_thickness_of_snowfall_amount||kg m-2 s-1|1.0/3.6|derived from the hourly accumulated quantity and assuming a constant density of water of 1 kg m-3|Snowfall Flux|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
-145|128|145|bld|Boundary layer dissipation|J m-2|This parameter is the amount of energy per unit area that is converted from kinetic energy, into heat, due to small-scale motion in the lower levels of the atmosphere. These small-scale motions are called eddies or turbulence. A higher value of this parameter means that more energy is being converted to heat, and so the mean flow is slowing more and the air temperature is rising by a greater amount. This parameter is accumulated over a [particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |1|bld|kinetic_energy_dissipation_in_atmosphere_boundary_layer-scaling_factor_inverse_accumulation_time||W m-2|-0.0002777777777777778||Boundary Layer Dissipation|mon|atmos|gr|sf12
+145|128|145|bld|Boundary layer dissipation|J m-2|This parameter is the amount of energy per unit area that is converted from kinetic energy, into heat, due to small-scale motion in the lower levels of the atmosphere. These small-scale motions are called eddies or turbulence. A higher value of this parameter means that more energy is being converted to heat, and so the mean flow is slowing more and the air temperature is rising by a greater amount. This parameter is accumulated over a [particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |1|bld|kinetic_energy_dissipation_in_atmosphere_boundary_layer|scaling_factor_inverse_accumulation_time|W m-2|-0.0002777777777777778||Boundary Layer Dissipation|mon|atmos|gr|sf12
146|128|146|sshf|Surface sensible heat flux|J m-2|This parameter is the transfer of heat between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere through the effects of turbulent air motion (but excluding any heat transfer resulting from condensation or evaporation). The magnitude of the sensible heat flux is governed by the difference in temperature between the surface and the overlying atmosphere, wind speed and the surface roughness. For example, cold air overlying a warm surface would produce a sensible heat flux from the land (or ocean) into the atmosphere.[ See further documentation ](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/16648-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#section.3.6) This is a single level parameter and it is accumulated over a [particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations).The units are joules per square metre (J m-2). To convert to watts per square metre (W m-2), the accumulated values should be divided by the accumulation period expressed in seconds. The ECMWF convention for vertical fluxes is positive downwards. |sfc_fc,sfc_fc_land|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|hfss|integral_wrt_time_of_surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux||W m-2|-0.0002777777777777778||Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
147|128|147|slhf|Surface latent heat flux|J m-2|This parameter is the transfer of latent heat (resulting from water phase changes, such as evaporation or condensation) between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere through the effects of turbulent air motion. Evaporation from the Earth's surface represents a transfer of energy from the surface to the atmosphere. [See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/16648-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#section.3.6) This parameter is accumulated over a [particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations).The units are joules per square metre (J m-2). To convert to watts per square metre (W m-2), the accumulated values should be divided by the accumulation period expressed in seconds. The ECMWF convention for vertical fluxes is positive downwards. |sfc_fc,sfc_fc_land|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|hfls|integral_wrt_time_of_surface_downward_latent_heat_flux||W m-2|-0.0002777777777777778||Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
151|128|151|msl|Mean sea level pressure|Pa|This parameter is the pressure (force per unit area) of the atmosphere adjusted to the height of mean sea level. It is a measure of the weight that all the air in a column vertically above the area of Earth's surface would have at that point, if the point were located at the mean sea level. It is calculated over all surfaces - land, sea and in-land water. Maps of mean sea level pressure are used to identify the locations of low and high pressure systems, often referred to as cyclones and anticyclones. Contours of mean sea level pressure also indicate the strength of the wind. Tightly packed contours show stronger winds. The units of this parameter are pascals (Pa). Mean sea level pressure is often measured in hPa and sometimes is presented in the old units of millibars, mb (1 hPa = 1 mb = 100 Pa). |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |6|psl|air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level||Pa|1||Sea Level Pressure|Amon|atmos|gr|sf00
@@ -111,12 +111,12 @@ The units of this parameter are geopotential metres. A geopotential metre is app
186|128|186|lcc|Low cloud cover|(0 - 1)|This parameter is the proportion of a[ grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step) covered by cloud occurring in the lower levels of the troposphere. Low cloud is a single level field calculated from cloud occurring on model levels with a pressure greater than 0.8 times the surface pressure. So, if the surface pressure is 1000 hPa (hectopascal), low cloud would be calculated using levels with a pressure greater than 800 hPa (below approximately 2km (assuming a 'standard atmosphere')). The low cloud cover parameter is calculated from cloud cover for the appropriate model levels as described above. Assumptions are made about the degree of overlap/randomness between clouds in different model levels. Cloud fractions vary from 0 to 1. |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |1|lcc|low_type_cloud_area_fraction||%|100||Low Cloud Cover|mon|atmos|gr|sf00
187|128|187|mcc|Medium cloud cover|(0 - 1)|This parameter is the proportion of a[ grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step) covered by cloud occurring in the middle levels of the troposphere. Medium cloud is a single level field calculated from cloud occurring on model levels with a pressure between 0.45 and 0.8 times the surface pressure. So, if the surface pressure is 1000 hPa (hectopascal), medium cloud would be calculated using levels with a pressure of less than or equal to 800 hPa and greater than or equal to 450 hPa (between approximately 2km and 6km (assuming a 'standard atmosphere')). The medium cloud parameter is calculated from cloud cover for the appropriate model levels as described above. Assumptions are made about the degree of overlap/randomness between clouds in different model levels. Cloud fractions vary from 0 to 1. |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |1|mcc|medium_type_cloud_area_fraction||%|100||Medium Cloud Cover|mon|atmos|gr|sf00
188|128|188|hcc|High cloud cover|(0 - 1)|The proportion of a [grid box ](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step)covered by cloud occurring in the high levels of the troposphere. High cloud is a single level field calculated from cloud occurring on model levels with a pressure less than 0.45 times the surface pressure. So, if the surface pressure is 1000 hPa (hectopascal), high cloud would be calculated using levels with a pressure of less than 450 hPa (approximately 6km and above ([ assuming a `standard atmosphere`](http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Standard_atmosphere))). The high cloud cover parameter is calculated from cloud for the appropriate model levels as described above. Assumptions are made about the degree of overlap/randomness between clouds in different model levels. Cloud fractions vary from 0 to 1. |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |1|hcc|high_type_cloud_area_fraction||%|100||High Cloud Cover|mon|atmos|gr|sf00
-195|128|195|lgws|Eastward gravity wave surface stress|N m-2 s|Air flowing over a surface exerts a stress that transfers momentum to the surface and slows the wind. This parameter is the component of the surface stress, in an eastward direction, associated with low-level blocking and orographic gravity waves. It is calculated by the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System sub-grid orography scheme. It represents surface stress due to unresolved valleys, hills and mountains with horizontal scales between 5 km and [the model grid](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/model%2bgrid%2bbox%2band%2btime%2bstep). (The surface stress associated with orographic features with horizontal scales smaller than 5 km is accounted for by the turbulent orographic form drag scheme). Orographic gravity waves are oscillations in the flow maintained by the buoyancy of displaced air parcels, produced when the air is deflected upwards by hills and mountains. Hills and mountains can also block the flow of air at low levels. Together these processes can create a drag or stress on the atmosphere at the Earth's surface (and at other levels in the atmosphere). This parameter is accumulated over a [particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|xgwdparam|atmosphere_eastward_stress_due_to_gravity_wave_drag--scaling_factor_inverse_accumulation_time||Pa|1.0/3600||Eastward Gravity Wave Drag|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
-196|128|196|mgws|Northward gravity wave surface stress|N m-2 s|Air flowing over a surface exerts a stress that transfers momentum to the surface and slows the wind. This parameter is the component of the surface stress, in a northward direction, associated with low-level blocking and orographic gravity waves. It is calculated by the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System sub-grid orography scheme. It represents surface stress due to unresolved valleys, hills and mountains with horizontal scales between 5 km and [the model grid](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/model%2bgrid%2bbox%2band%2btime%2bstep). (The surface stress associated with orographic features with horizontal scales smaller than 5 km is accounted for by the turbulent orographic form drag scheme). The stress computed in the sub-grid orography scheme is associated with low-level blocking and orographic gravity waves. Orographic gravity waves are oscillations in the flow maintained by the buoyancy of displaced air parcels, produced when the air is deflected upwards by hills and mountains. Hills and mountains can also block the flow of air at low levels. Together these processes can create a drag or stress on the atmosphere at the Earth's surface (and at other levels in the atmosphere). This parameter is accumulated over a [particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|ygwdparam|atmosphere_northward_stress_due_to_gravity_wave_drag--scaling_factor_inverse_accumulation_time||Pa|1.0/3600||Northward Gravity Wave Drag|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
+195|128|195|lgws|Eastward gravity wave surface stress|N m-2 s|Air flowing over a surface exerts a stress that transfers momentum to the surface and slows the wind. This parameter is the component of the surface stress, in an eastward direction, associated with low-level blocking and orographic gravity waves. It is calculated by the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System sub-grid orography scheme. It represents surface stress due to unresolved valleys, hills and mountains with horizontal scales between 5 km and [the model grid](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/model%2bgrid%2bbox%2band%2btime%2bstep). (The surface stress associated with orographic features with horizontal scales smaller than 5 km is accounted for by the turbulent orographic form drag scheme). Orographic gravity waves are oscillations in the flow maintained by the buoyancy of displaced air parcels, produced when the air is deflected upwards by hills and mountains. Hills and mountains can also block the flow of air at low levels. Together these processes can create a drag or stress on the atmosphere at the Earth's surface (and at other levels in the atmosphere). This parameter is accumulated over a [particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|xgwdparam|atmosphere_eastward_stress_due_to_gravity_wave_drag|scaling_factor_inverse_accumulation_time|Pa|1.0/3600||Eastward Gravity Wave Drag|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
+196|128|196|mgws|Northward gravity wave surface stress|N m-2 s|Air flowing over a surface exerts a stress that transfers momentum to the surface and slows the wind. This parameter is the component of the surface stress, in a northward direction, associated with low-level blocking and orographic gravity waves. It is calculated by the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System sub-grid orography scheme. It represents surface stress due to unresolved valleys, hills and mountains with horizontal scales between 5 km and [the model grid](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/model%2bgrid%2bbox%2band%2btime%2bstep). (The surface stress associated with orographic features with horizontal scales smaller than 5 km is accounted for by the turbulent orographic form drag scheme). The stress computed in the sub-grid orography scheme is associated with low-level blocking and orographic gravity waves. Orographic gravity waves are oscillations in the flow maintained by the buoyancy of displaced air parcels, produced when the air is deflected upwards by hills and mountains. Hills and mountains can also block the flow of air at low levels. Together these processes can create a drag or stress on the atmosphere at the Earth's surface (and at other levels in the atmosphere). This parameter is accumulated over a [particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|ygwdparam|atmosphere_northward_stress_due_to_gravity_wave_drag|scaling_factor_inverse_accumulation_time|Pa|1.0/3600||Northward Gravity Wave Drag|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
197|128|197|gwd|Gravity wave dissipation|J m-2|This parameter is the amount of energy per unit area that is converted from kinetic energy in the mean flow, into heat, due to the effects of orographic gravity waves. A higher value of this parameter means that more energy is being converted to heat, and so the mean flow is slowing more and the air temperature is rising by a greater amount. Orographic gravity waves are oscillations in the flow maintained by the buoyancy of displaced air parcels, produced when the air is deflected upwards by hills and mountains. Hills and mountains can also block the flow of air at low levels. Together these processes can create a drag or stress on the atmosphere at the Earth's surface (and at other levels in the atmosphere). This parameter is accumulated over a [particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |0|gwd|no CF standard_name exist||W m-2|-0.0002777777777777778||Gravity Wave Dissipation|mon|atmos|gr|sf12
198|128|198|src|Skin reservoir content|m of water equivalent|This parameter is the amount of water in the vegetation canopy and/or in a thin layer on the soil. It represents the amount of rain intercepted by foliage, and water from dew. The maximum amount of 'skin reservoir content' a grid box can hold depends on the type of vegetation, and may be zero. Water leaves the 'skin reservoir' by evaporation. [ See further information.](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#subsection.H.6.1) |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |0|src|lwe_thickness_of_canopy_water_amount||m|1||Skin Reservoir Content|mon|atmos|gr|sf00
-201|128|201|mx2t|Maximum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing|K|This parameter is the highest temperature of air at 2m above the surface of land, sea or in-land waters since the parameter was last archived in a particular forecast. 2m temperature is calculated by interpolating between the lowest model level and the Earth's surface, taking account of the atmospheric conditions.[ See further information ](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#subsection.3.10.3). This parameter has units of kelvin (K). Temperature measured in kelvin can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) by subtracting 273.15. |sfc_fc|MAX| redGG-N320 |6|tasmax|air_temperature||K|1||Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
-202|128|202|mn2t|Minimum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing|K|This parameter is the lowest temperature of air at 2m above the surface of land, sea or in-land waters since the parameter was last archived in a particular forecast. 2m temperature is calculated by interpolating between the lowest model level and the Earth's surface, taking account of the atmospheric conditions.[ See further information ](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#subsection.3.10.3). This parameter has units of kelvin (K). Temperature measured in kelvin can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) by subtracting 273.15. |sfc_fc|MIN| redGG-N320 |6|tasmin|air_temperature||K|1||Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
+201|128|201|mx2t|Maximum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing|K|This parameter is the highest temperature of air at 2m above the surface of land, sea or in-land waters since the parameter was last archived in a particular forecast. 2m temperature is calculated by interpolating between the lowest model level and the Earth's surface, taking account of the atmospheric conditions.[ See further information ](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#subsection.3.10.3). This parameter has units of kelvin (K). Temperature measured in kelvin can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) by subtracting 273.15. |sfc_fc|MAX| redGG-N320 |6|tasmax|air_temperature|time: max|K|1||Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
+202|128|202|mn2t|Minimum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing|K|This parameter is the lowest temperature of air at 2m above the surface of land, sea or in-land waters since the parameter was last archived in a particular forecast. 2m temperature is calculated by interpolating between the lowest model level and the Earth's surface, taking account of the atmospheric conditions.[ See further information ](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#subsection.3.10.3). This parameter has units of kelvin (K). Temperature measured in kelvin can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) by subtracting 273.15. |sfc_fc|MIN| redGG-N320 |6|tasmin|air_temperature|time: min|K|1||Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
203|128|203|o3|Ozone mass mixing ratio|kg kg-1|This parameter is the mass of ozone per kilogram of air. In the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), there is a simplified representation of ozone chemistry (including representation of the chemistry which has caused the ozone hole). Ozone is also transported around in the atmosphere through the motion of air.[ See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/16648-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#chapter.10). Naturally occurring ozone in the stratosphere helps protect organisms at the surface of the Earth from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. Ozone near the surface, often produced because of pollution, is harmful to organisms. Most of the IFS chemical species are archived as mass mixing ratios [kg kg-1].[ This link](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=153391710) explains how to convert to concentration in terms of mass per unit volume. |ml_an,pl_an|INST| redGG-N320 redGG-N320 |1|o3|mass_fraction_of_ozone_in_air||kg kg-1|1||Ozone Mass Mixing Ratio|mon|atmos|gr|pl00
205|128|205|ro|Runoff|m|Some water from rainfall, melting snow, or deep in the soil, stays stored in the soil. Otherwise, the water drains away, either over the surface (surface runoff), or under the ground (sub-surface runoff) and the sum of these two is simply called 'runoff'. This parameter is the total amount of water accumulated over a [particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations).The units of runoff are depth in metres. This is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step). Care should be taken when comparing model parameters with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point rather than averaged over a grid square area. Observations are also often taken in different units, such as mm/day, rather than the accumulated metres produced here. Runoff is a measure of the availability of water in the soil, and can, for example, be used as an indicator of drought or flood. More information about how runoff is calculated is given in the [ IFS Physical Processes documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#subsection.H.6.3). |sfc_fc,sfc_fc_land|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|mrro|runoff_amount||kg m-2 s-1|1.0/3.6|derived from the hourly accumulated quantity and assuming a constant density of water of 1 kg m-3|Total Runoff|Lmon|land|gr|sf12
206|128|206|tco3|Total column ozone|kg m-2|This parameter is the total amount of ozone in a column of air extending from the surface of the Earth to the top of the atmosphere. This parameter can also be referred to as total ozone, or vertically integrated ozone. The values are dominated by ozone within the stratosphere. In the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), there is a simplified representation of ozone chemistry (including representation of the chemistry which has caused the ozone hole). Ozone is also transported around in the atmosphere through the motion of air.[ See further documentation ](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/16648-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#chapter.10). Naturally occurring ozone in the stratosphere helps protect organisms at the surface of the Earth from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. Ozone near the surface, often produced because of pollution, is harmful to organisms. In the IFS, the units for total ozone are kilograms per square metre, but before 12/06/2001 dobson units were used. Dobson units (DU) are still used extensively for total column ozone. 1 DU = 2.1415E-5 kg m-2 |sfc_an|INST|redGG-N320 |1|tco3|atmosphere_mass_content_of_ozone||kg m-2|1||Total Column Ozone|mon|atmos|gr|sf00
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ The units of this parameter are geopotential metres. A geopotential metre is app
209|128|209|ttrc|Top net thermal radiation, clear sky|J m-2|This parameter is the thermal (also known as terrestrial or longwave) radiation emitted to space at the top of the atmosphere, assuming clear-sky (cloudless) conditions. It is the amount passing through a horizontal plane. Note that the ECMWF convention for vertical fluxes is positive downwards, so a flux from the atmosphere to space will be negative. [See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2015/18490-radiation- quantities-ecmwf-model-and-mars.pdf). Clear-sky radiation quantities are computed for exactly the same atmospheric conditions of temperature, humidity, ozone, trace gases and aerosol as total- sky quantities (clouds included), but assuming that the clouds are not there. The thermal radiation emitted to space at the top of the atmosphere is commonly known as the Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) (i.e., taking a flux from the atmosphere to space as positive). Note that OLR is typically shown in units of watts per square metre (W m-2). This parameter is [accumulated over a particular time period](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations) which depends on the data extracted. The units are joules per square metre (J m-2). To convert to watts per square metre (W m-2), the accumulated values should be divided by the accumulation period expressed in seconds. |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|rlutcs|toa_net_upward_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky||W m-2|-0.0002777777777777778||TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
210|128|210|ssrc|Surface net solar radiation, clear sky|J m-2|This parameter is the amount of solar (shortwave) radiation reaching the surface of the Earth (both direct and diffuse) minus the amount reflected by the Earth's surface (which is governed by the albedo), assuming clear-sky (cloudless) conditions. It is the amount of radiation passing through a horizontal plane, not a plane perpendicular to the direction of the Sun. Clear-sky radiation quantities are computed for exactly the same atmospheric conditions of temperature, humidity, ozone, trace gases and aerosol as the corresponding total-sky quantities (clouds included), but assuming that the clouds are not there. Radiation from the Sun (solar, or shortwave, radiation) is partly reflected back to space by clouds and particles in the atmosphere (aerosols) and some of it is absorbed. The rest is incident on the Earth's surface, where some of it is reflected. The difference between downward and reflected solar radiation is the surface net solar radiation. [See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2015/18490-radiation- quantities-ecmwf-model-and-mars.pdf). This parameter is [accumulated over a particular time period](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations) which depends on the data extracted. The units are joules per square metre (J m-2). To convert to watts per square metre (W m-2), the accumulated values should be divided by the accumulation period expressed in seconds. The ECMWF convention for vertical fluxes is positive downwards. |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |3|rsscs|surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky||W m-2|1.0/3600||Surface Net Downward Shortwave Flux Assuming Clear Sky|mon|atmos|gr|sf12
211|128|211|strc|Surface net thermal radiation, clear sky|J m-2|Thermal radiation (also known as longwave or terrestrial radiation) refers to radiation emitted by the atmosphere, clouds and the surface of the Earth. This parameter is the difference between downward and upward thermal radiation at the surface of the Earth, assuming clear-sky (cloudless) conditions. It is the amount of radiation passing through a horizontal plane. [See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2015/18490-radiation- quantities-ecmwf-model-and-mars.pdf). Clear-sky radiation quantities are computed for exactly the same atmospheric conditions of temperature, humidity, ozone, trace gases and aerosol as the corresponding total-sky quantities (clouds included), but assuming that the clouds are not there. The atmosphere and clouds emit thermal radiation in all directions, some of which reaches the surface as downward thermal radiation. The upward thermal radiation at the surface consists of thermal radiation emitted by the surface plus the fraction of downwards thermal radiation reflected upward by the surface. [See further documentation](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2015/18490-radiation- quantities-ecmwf-model-and-mars.pdf). This parameter is [accumulated over a particular time period](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations) which depends on the data extracted. The units are joules per square metre (J m-2). To convert to watts per square metre (W m-2), the accumulated values should be divided by the accumulation period expressed in seconds. The ECMWF convention for vertical fluxes is positive downwards. |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |3|rlscs|surface_net_downward_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky||W m-2|1.0/3600||Surface Net Downward Longwave Flux Assuming Clear Sky|mon|atmos|gr|sf12
-212|128|212|tisr|TOA incident solar radiation|J m-2|Accumulated field |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|rsdt|toa_incoming_shortwave_flux-scale_factor(1/86400)||W m-2|1.0/3600||TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
+212|128|212|tisr|TOA incident solar radiation|J m-2|Accumulated field |sfc_fc|ACC| redGG-N320 |6|rsdt|toa_incoming_shortwave_flux|scale_factor(1/86400)|W m-2|1.0/3600||TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
228|128|228|tp|Total precipitation|m|This parameter is the accumulated liquid and frozen water, comprising rain and snow, that falls to the Earth's surface. It is the sum of large-scale precipitation and convective precipitation. Large-scale precipitation is generated by the cloud scheme in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). The cloud scheme represents the formation and dissipation of clouds and large-scale precipitation due to changes in atmospheric quantities (such as pressure, temperature and moisture) predicted directly by the IFS at spatial scales of the [grid box](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Model+grid+box+and+time+step) or larger. Convective precipitation is generated by the convection scheme in the IFS, which represents convection at spatial scales smaller than the grid box. [See further information.](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/Convective+and+large- scale+precipitation) This parameter does not include fog, dew or the precipitation that evaporates in the atmosphere before it lands at the surface of the Earth. This parameter is the total amount of water [accumulated over a particular time period which depends on the data extracted](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CKB/ERA5%3A+data+documentation#ERA5:datadocumentation- Meanrates/fluxesandaccumulations). The units of this parameter are depth in metres of water equivalent. It is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the grid box. Care should be taken when comparing model parameters with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point in space and time, rather than representing averages over a model grid box. |sfc_fc,sfc_fc_land|ACC| redGG-N320 redGG-N1280|6|pr|lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount||kg m-2 s-1|1.0/3.6||Precipitation|Amon|atmos|gr|sf12
235|128|235|skt|Skin temperature|K|This parameter is the temperature of the surface of the Earth. The skin temperature is the theoretical temperature that is required to satisfy the surface energy balance. It represents the temperature of the uppermost surface layer, which has no heat capacity and so can respond instantaneously to changes in surface fluxes. Skin temperature is calculated differently over land and sea. This parameter has units of kelvin (K). Temperature measured in kelvin can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) by subtracting 273.15. See further information about the skin temperature [over land](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#section.3.6) and [over sea](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv- physical-processes.pdf#section.H.10). |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |0|skt|surface_temperature||K|1||Skin Temperature|mon|atmos|gr|sf00
236|128|236|stl4|Soil temperature level 4|K|This parameter is the temperature of the soil at level 4 (in the middle of layer 4). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) has a four-layer representation of soil, where the surface is at 0cm: Layer 1: 0 - 7cm Layer 2: 7 - 28cm Layer 3: 28 - 100cm Layer 4: 100 - 289cm Soil temperature is set at the middle of each layer, and heat transfer is calculated at the interfaces between them. It is assumed that there is no heat transfer out of the bottom of the lowest layer. This parameter has units of Kelvin (K). Temperature measured in Kelvin can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) by subtracting 273.15. [See further information.](https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part- iv-physical-processes.pdf#section.H.5) |sfc_an,sfc_an_land|INST|redGG-N320 redGG-N1280 |6|tsl4|soil_temperature-atLevel4||K|1||Temperature of Soil 4|Lmon|land|gr|sf00
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